Watergate Scandal Essay Example for Free

Watergate Scandal Essay The Watergate Scandal is one of the most crucial and controversial moments in United States history, proving to be extremely influential in both constitutional and political concerns. What began as a seemingly simple burglary turned out to be a revelation of the abuse of power of the Chief Executive and the violations of the rights of the citizens. It eventually resulted in the first resignation of an American president. The name Watergate is the term designated to collectively identify the scandal and controversy that surrounded the Nixon administration (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). The scandal began with the burglary which occurred on June 17, 1972, as five men forced entry into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The DNC office was situated at the Watergate building in Washington, D. C. In the beginning, the burglary was not highly publicized. However, there were two reporters from the Washington Post that persistently followed the story; they were Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward (Washington Post; â€Å"Watergate†). Woodward soon learned that the burglars were from Miami; they used surgical gloves in the burglary and left with a significant sum of money (Washington Post). Bernstein and Woodward soon worked on other reports which began to reveal more about the nature of the burglary (Washington Post). It was later revealed that one of the burglars was James McCord; he was involved in the Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP) (Patterson 64; Washington Post). Afterwards, President Richard Nixon and his chief of staff H. R. Haldeman began planning ways in which the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) can persuade the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to discontinue the investigation regarding the burglary (Washington Post). Some weeks after, the two reporters discovered that the grand jury responsible for the burglary investigation had tried to obtain the testimony of two officials that previously worked in the Nixon White House (Washington Post). These men were E. Howard Hunt, who used to work for the CIA, and G. Gordon Liddy, who used to work for the FBI. Hunt and Liddy participated in the burglary through the use of walkie-talkies; situated in one of the hotel rooms across the building, they used the said device to guide the burglars. In September 1972, Hunt, Liddy, McCord and the four other burglars were charged with burglary, conspiracy and wiretapping (Patterson 64). District Court Judge John J. Sirica was the presiding judge for the case, and he convicted all seven men who received prison term sentences (Patterson 64). The Washington Post reporters continued their thorough inquiry into the burglary issue. Bernstein proceeded to Miami, wherein he discovered that a check worth $25,000 that was intended for the reelection campaign of Nixon was deposited in one of the burglars bank account (Washington Post). According to the report, the check was received by Maurice Stans; he was the former Secretary of Commerce which also became the chief fundraiser for Nixon. This is the first time that a direct link between the burglary and the reelection campaign funds of Nixon was discovered. All the important details that Washington Post used in their reports were taken from a reliable anonymous source that was referred to as Deep Throat (Washington Post; â€Å"Watergate†). The identity of this source was only revealed in 2005; it turned out to be W. Mark Felt, the deputy director for the FBI during the Watergate scandal (Washington Post; â€Å"Watergate†). The Washington Post stories continued its investigation, and soon it brought to light the involvement of several of Nixons closest aides (Washington Post; â€Å"Watergate†). These included John N. Mitchell, a former U. S. Attorney General and assistant to the CRP director; John W. Dean III, a counsel to the White House; John Ehrlichman, a White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs and Haldeman. In February 1973, the U. S. Senate created a committee to be lead by North Carolina Senator Sam Ervin, to investigate the issue at hand. On April 30, 1973, as the reports regarding the White House involvement with Watergate burglary intensified, Nixon made public the resignations of Haldeman and Ehrlichman, as well as the dismissal of Dean (Washington Post; â€Å"Watergate†). Richard Kleindienst, the U. S. Attorney General, also submitted his resignation (â€Å"Watergate†). The Senate investigation also intensified (Patterson 64). Aside from the Committee, the investigation now included Judge Sirica, Bernstein and Woodward, and Archibald Cox. Elliot Richardson succeeded Kleindienst as attorney general, and Cox was the special prosecutor assigned by Richardson (â€Å"Watergate†). In May 1973, the hearings of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities began. Dean told the committee that the burglary was the brainchild of Mitchell. He also claimed that Nixon himself released money to silence the burglars (â€Å"Watergate†). However, the most crucial step in the investigation was the testimony of Alexander Butterfield (â€Å"Watergate†). Butterfield was a former staff member in the White House (Patterson 64). On July 16, 1973, he testified that Nixon ordered for a system to be installed which enabled all conversations to be tape recorded (â€Å"Watergate†). Immediately, the Senate Committee sought to acquire the tapes (Patterson 64). The former subpoenaed eight tapes as included in Deans testimony (â€Å"Watergate†). Nixon used Executive Privilege as an excuse to not to release the tapes; he also attempted to have Cox fired (Patterson 64). On October 20, 1973, Richardson resigned in protest of Nixons efforts to have Cox fired (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). Even William Ruckelshaus, the Deputy Attorney General, resigned. In the end, it was Solicitor General Robert Bork who fired Cox. The series of events was later known as the Saturday Night Massacre (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). On November 1, Leon Jaworski became the new special prosecutor (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). Nixon did submit the tapes to Judge Sirica, but some conversations were missing while one tape had an 18-minute gap caused by erasures (â€Å"Watergate†). In March 1974, seven men, including Haldeman, Ehrlichman and Mitchell, were indicted for conspiracy to obstruct justice with regards to the Watergate cover up (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). Soon, the House Judiciary Committee held its own investigation; in April that same year, the tapes of 42 conversations in the White House were subpoenaed by the committee. Later that month, Nixon released instead â€Å"edited transcripts† (â€Å"Watergate†). The transcripts were not accepted by the committee, as it was not what they were asking for in the subpoena. Afterwards, Judge Sirica also subpoenaed for another set of tapes. This time, it was those which contained the 42 conversations in the White House. The said tapes were to be used as evidence against the seven aforementioned officials. One again, Nixon failed to do so. This forced Jaworski to appeal to the Supreme Court (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). On July 24, The Supreme Court unanimously voted that Nixon release the tapes (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). The last few days of July 1974 was characterized by the efforts of the Judiciary Committee to impeach Nixon (â€Å"Watergate†). The grounds for impeachment were the following: â€Å"obstruction of justice, abuse of presidential powers, and trying to impede the impeachment process by defying committee subpoenas† (Patterson 64). On August 5, 1974, Nixon finally released the tapes in public (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). One of the said tapes revealed how Nixon was indeed guilty in attempting to hinder the FBI in investigating the Watergate burglary (Patterson 64). On August 9, 1974, President Richard Nixon resigned as chief executive (Patterson 64; â€Å"Watergate†). The Watergate scandal had extremely shattered the belief of the American community in their own president (â€Å"Watergate†). Even the U. S. Constitution was tested in this situation. However, the scandal proved that indeed the system of checks and balances was effective enough to detect the abuse in power. It also taught everyone a lesson: regardless of the ones position in society, the law applies to all (â€Å"Watergate†). Hence, the Watergate scandal brought the downfall of an abusive president and the peoples belief in the presidency. However, it was also a victory for the American people, as justice was served to those at fault as justice was attained by those who fought for it. Works Cited Patterson, James T. â€Å"Watergate. † Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 21 vols. New York: Lexicon Publications, 1992. â€Å"Watergate. † Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2007. 20 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761553070/Watergate. html. Washington Post. â€Å"Part 1: The Post Investigates. † The Watergate Story. 20 May 2008 http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/part1. html.

Simulation-supported Wargaming in MNE 4 :: essays research papers

Simulation-supported Wargaming in MNE 4 1. Introduction The objective of this document is to emphasize the importance of simulation as a measure of complexity reduction and planner’s tool for decision support in MNE 4’s Effects-Based Planning (EBP) process. Starting with an overview of the underlying principles of Wargaming and Modeling and Simulation (M&S), the outcome of this abstract is a ‘Process for the application of simulation to support Wargaming in MNE 4’. This document may also serve as a basis for MNE 4 design and execution decision-makers in order to determine the value of simulation as a wargaming tool for MNE 4. 2. The Art of Wargaming Wargaming and Course-of-Action Analysis are approved instruments of military planning in order to determine the feasibility and validity of military options and plans. Traditionally wargaming was conducted by exposing Blue military options to the challenges of Red Team’s counter-actions just using people’s brain, pen and paper. Today, the complexity of the battlefield has experienced significant increases due to the challenges of asymmetric menaces after the end of the Cold War. The concept of Effects-Based Operations (EBO) tries to embrace these new conditions based on ambitious processes like Knowledge Base Development (KBD). Furthermore, military planning and operation execution have to cope not only with a highly complex and dynamic adversary’s system conducting asymmetric operations, but also with great challenges on the Blue side, such as the coordination and interaction of multiple coalition partners and different agencies and organizations in a non-linear battlespace. Experiences from recent months and years have undoubtedly proven that EBO cannot be successfully conducted without adequate support by IT tools. Especially the various wargaming activities within EBP cannot be properly accomplished by just using traditional measures. Military planners desperately need automated tools in order to handle data masses, multi-dimensional and dynamic interrelations within the adversary’s system and own (blue) forces and instruments. 3. Simulation as an Analysis Method Basically, there are two major approaches for answering optimization questions: the analytical approach and the numerical approach. As the analytic approach tries to exactly calculate results considering the objective function, limitation variables and all other relevant factors, the numerical approach allows only for approximate results often using iterative or even heuristic processes. Nevertheless, numerical methods have a far more practical weight (see Reference 3) since in opposition to the analytical methods they can handle complex systems with great varieties of variables. Simulation is one of a whole set of numerical methods and additionally, it comprises another major advantage especially useful for wargaming problems: it models dynamics.

The art of dirty deeds

English Coursework Robert Hoarsely Another cupboard smashed onto the heavy oak table as the maelstrom of debris continued to swirl, fuelled by the vicious wind from the broken windows. There was a resounding crack as a chair was hurled at the table. â€Å"You left me to rot, you are no son of mine,† wailed the lady of the house. He couldn't see her, she was invisible, but he knew all too well she was there as he cowered under the table. The rain continued to pound down, its staccato beat all too loud through the broken windows.Lightning flashed as he made a break for the door that was banging against the wall in the mind. An Inhuman shriek came from behind him. He raced through the door as the table he had been taking refuge hurtled after him into the doorway in a shower of plaster and splinters. The main hallway he was now in was dominated by a huge glittering chandelier. He paused for a moment to catch his breath as he heard his mother howling in rage. With a groan the chand elier above him ripped away from the ceiling.It fell onto him with a crash, landing In an explosion of glittering glass like a frenzied rave of fireflies. He had barely enough time to think as It knocked him cold. As he flitted in and out of consciousness he remembered how he came to be in that current predicament. Don't go daddy,† said his daughter. â€Å"We want you to be here for Christmas daddy,† whined his son. â€Å"Of course I'll be back for Christmas; I'm Just off for a week to get granny's old stuff from her house in the Yorkshire Dales. It'll only be a week you know that and Ill tell you what, Ill bring extra Christmas presents. â€Å"Do be careful Mr. Jerome,† said the nursemaid as she ushered the children onto the pavement. â€Å"l will,† Mr. Jerome said as the children chorused goodbyes , he climbed into the carriage and with a flick of the driver's reins the arraign picked up speed down the misty London street. He vaguely remembered the trai n Journey as the inky blackness swept past, punctuated by lights of villages. He Intended to collect family heirlooms and other valuables to distribute to his family back In London. The dark looming mass of the house had dwarfed him as he had stepped off the carriage.Its Imposing bulk seemed to swallow all living things through its gloomy shaded windows and solid looking front door. It was big enough to take a week to go through all the rooms to get what he needed, then sort them. Lang resounded throughout his head as the huge chandelier was savagely picked up and hurled Into the solid wooden front doors. Then there was a deafening silence In the house. The rain continued to beat down outside and the wind ripped at the garden but the house was silent once more.Rubbing his head, he climbed the grand staircase, still wary of the ghost of his mother. He made his way to the study where there were three traveling trunks, two of which were full of the valuables and the other was to be fil led with Important documents. There was the distinctive tang of smoke but his thoughts were on other things. The door handle felt unusually warm as he opened leaping flames that had already consumed his traveling trunks and was taking hold of the rest of the room in a fiery, swirling inferno.Coughing from the swirling smoke he stumbled into the hallway. It was spreading rapidly, too fast to be any normal fire. His mother, he thought, she was burning down the house, the house he had been brought up in, the house she had lived in for over 60 years. As he watched, smoke streamed out of other rooms in tendrils and the smell of smoke was overpowering. He was trapped; he was going to be burned alive, scorched and screaming in this twisted, sick house.

jazz dance Essay - 2756 Words

The varieties of jazz dance reflect the diversity of American culture. Jazz dance mirrors the social history of the American people, reflecting ethnic influences, historic events, and cultural changes. Jazz dance has been greatly influenced by social dance and popular music. But, like so much that is â€Å"from America†, the history of jazz dance begins somewhere else. The origins of jazz music and dance are found in the rhythms and movements brought to America by African slaves. The style of African dance is earthy; low, knees bent, pulsating body movements emphasized by body isolations and hand-clapping. As slaves forced into America, starting during the 1600’s, Africans from many cultures were cut off from their families, languages and†¦show more content†¦Just when social dancing was at its height, World War 2 put a stop to its popularity. Lack of attendance, plus the intricate rhythmic patterns of modern jazz music, which were too complex for social dancing, led to the closing of dance halls and ballrooms. With the demise of social dance, the growth of jazz dance as a professional dance form began. During the 1940’s, jazz dance was influenced by ballet and modern dance. By blending the classical technique of ballet with the natural bodily expression of modern dance, jazz developed a sophisticated artistic quality. Unlike early jazz dance, which was performed by talented entertainers without formal training, modern jazz dance was performed by professionals trained in ballet and modern dance. It was during this time that man who later came to be known as the â€Å"Father of Theatrical Jazz Dance†, Jack Cole, was busy developing his technique. Jack Cole had studied modern, ballet, and ethnic dance, had been a student at Denishawn and had done choreographic work in the nightclub scene. In the 1940’s there was a serious demand for groups of trained dancers for film work and Jack Cole was the one who started developing these trained jazz dancers for the Hollywood movie musicals. Also, during this time Gene Kelly, began making his mark as a dancer in Hollywood musicals. His impact on jazz was his individual, energetic dance style that combined athletic, gymnastic qualities with jazz and tap.Show MoreRelatedInvestigating Modern Jazz Dance And The Samba No Pe1789 Words   |  8 PagesInvestigating modern jazz dance and the Samba no pà © Introduction: Many interesting comparisons may be drawn between both the samba and jazz dance: not only are their historical contexts highly comparable, as they both set against the background of imperialism and oppression, but are extremely popular in their respective cultures, today. Moreover, both dances are very similar in respect to their movement and music, in which either one may be performed to music or to no music. Similarly, improvisationRead MoreThe Evolution And Impact Of Jazz Dance On The World864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution and Impact of Jazz Dance On The World Jazz dance originated from the African American vernacular dance from the late 1800’s when slaves needed an emotional and physical outlet (Guarnino and Oliver). The slave trade had begun and the slaves were allowed dance on the boats, as it was to keep the slaves fit for their journey to North America. The slave owners took interest in this type of dance (Guarnino and Oliver). They then integrated their European jigs with the music and movementRead MoreJazz Music : An Ultimate Value Of Art1018 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Jazz music is America s past and its potential, summed up and sanctified and accessible to anybody who learns to listen to, feel, and understand it. The music can connect us to our earlier selves and to our better selves-to-come. It can remind us of where we fit on the timeline of human achievement, an ultimate value of art.† -Wynton Marsalis. Jazz was born in the United States, to be precise it was born in New Orleans. Jazz has a big part in the w orld’s history and is a part of their cultureRead MoreJazz Music, Freedom and Women1334 Words   |  5 PagesBackground of Jazz Jazz is still considered as etymology obscure as the origin and the background of the music is still unclear to the society. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd Edition by Kennedy Michael (1994), page 445 : â€Å"Jazz is a term which came into general use for a type of music which developed in the Southern States of United States of America in the late 19th century and came into prominence at the turn of the century in New Orleans, chiefly (but not exclusively) amongRead MoreLouis Armstrong and His Music Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The essence of jazz- making something new out of something old, making something personal out of something shared- has no finer exemplar than Armstrong.† (Hasse par. 3) During the 1920’s a young African American man, otherwise known as Louis Armstrong, helped create and represent a new twist on popular music. This music that became so famous and well loved today is also referred to as jazz. Louis Armstrong had a very successful jazz career performing and composing popular jazz hits in the 1920’sRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Period Of Ethnic Rebirth1664 Words   |  7 Pageswas at the center of what F. Scott Fitzgerald c alled â€Å"the Jazz Age.† The â€Å"Jazz Explosion† began during the Great Migration when it arrived in the North along with many African Americans. It was the music of the neighborhood, and Jazz artists were the stars of the era. The most famous Jazz artist of the time was Louis Armstrong. A native of New Orleans, Louisiana, Armstrong singlehandedly changed jazz into a soloist art. Before Armstrong, Jazz was exclusively played by orchestras and bands. With theRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Genre Rock and Roll1128 Words   |  4 Pagesmusical tradition rich with long melody lines, complicated rhythms (poly rhythmics) and stringed instruments CITATION. The West Africans music was also strongly integrated into their everyday lives. Songs were preformed for religious ceremonies and dances and music was often a common fixture among the villages. If a slave was lucky enough to find themselves in a Roman Catholic colony their music and traditions were less likely to be suppressed compared to if they were in a Protestant colony. The ProtestantsRead MoreThe Jazz Age, By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesii. Introduction â€Å"The Jazz Age,† deemed as such by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is used to describe the period that started after the First World War in 1919 and lasted for ten years. During this time, the stock market boom allowed for growth in consumer spending and the young adult population started to leave traditional values behind in exchange for individualism. In an effort by religious groups to decrease immorality, criminality, and unpatriotic citizenship, the Eighteenth Amendment went into effectRead MoreMHL 145 Chapter 6 Essay725 Words   |  3 Pagesera. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. 3. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in theRead MoreNew Orleans By Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur De Bienville Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment and evolution of the culture and Jazz music. In 1724, Code Nior was implemented which gave slaves Sundays and holidays off. On their days off, slaves gathered any place they could find such as levees, backyards, and remote areas. In 1817, the mayor of New Orleans issued an ordinance which restricted slaves’ congregation to an area called Congo Square. On Sunday afternoons, men women and children gathered around by the hundreds, even thousands, to sing, dance, play music, and worship. The rhythm

Who Was the First Woman Nominated for Vice President

Question:  Who was the first woman nominated as a vice presidential candidate by a major American political party? Answer: In 1984, Walter Mondale, Democratic nominee for president, selected Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate, and his choice was confirmed by the Democratic National Convention. The only other woman nominated for vice president by a major party was  Sarah Palin in 2008. The Nomination At the time of the Democratic National Convention of 1984, Geraldine Ferraro was serving her sixth year in Congress. An Italian-American from Queens, New York, since she moved there in 1950, she was an active Roman Catholic. She kept her birth name when she married John Zaccaro. She had been a public school teacher and a prosecuting attorney. Already, there was speculation that the popular Congresswoman would run for the Senate in New York in 1986.  She asked the Democratic party to make her the head of the platform committee for its 1984 convention. As early as 1983, an op-ed in the New York Times by Jane Perletz urged that Ferraro be given the vice president slot on the Democratic ticket. She was appointed to chair the platform committee. Candidates for the presidential slot in 1984 included  Walter F. Mondale, Senator Gary Hart and the Rev. Jesse Jackson all had delegates, though it was clear that Mondale would win the nomination.   There was still talk in the months before the convention of placing Ferraros name in nomination at the convention, whether Mondale chose her as his running mate or not. Ferraro finally clarified in June that she would not permit her name to be put in nomination if it would be counterposed to Mondales choice. A number of powerful women Democrats, including Marylands Representative Barbara Mikulski, were pressuring Mondale to pick Ferraro or face a floor fight. In her acceptance speech to the convention, memorable words included If we can do this, we can do anything.† A Reagan landslide defeated the Mondale-Ferraro ticket.  She was only the fourth member of the House to that point in the 20th century to run as a major party candidate for vice president. Conservatives including William Safire criticized her for use of the honorific Ms. and for using the term gender instead of sex.  The New York Times, refusing by its style guide to use Ms. with her name, settled at her request on calling her Mrs. Ferraro. During the campaign, Ferraro tried to bring issues that were about womens lives to the forefront.  A poll right after the nomination showed Mondale/Ferraro winning the womens vote while men favored the Republican ticket. Her casual approach at appearances, coupled with her quick responses to questions and her clear competence, endeared her to supporters.  She was not afraid to publicly say that her counterpart on the Republican ticket, George H. W. Bush, was patronizing. Questions about Ferraros finances dominated the news for quite a while during the campaign. Many believed that there was more focus on her familys finances because she was a woman, and some thought it was because she and her husband were Italian-Americans. In particular, the investigations looked at loans made from her husbands finances to her first Congressional campaign, an error on 1978 income taxes resulting in back taxes owed of $60,000, and her disclosure of her own finances but refusal to disclose her husbands detailed tax filings. She was reported to have won support among Italian-Americans, particularly because of her heritage, and because some Italian-Americans suspected that the harsh attacks on her husbands finances reflected stereotypes about Italian-Americans. But for a variety of reasons, including facing an incumbent in an improving economy and Mondales statement that a tax increase was inevitable, Mondale/Ferraro lost in November.  About 55 percent of women, and more men, voted for the Republicans. The Aftermath For many women, breaking the glass ceiling with that nomination was inspiring.  It would be another 24 years before another woman was nominated for the vice presidency by a major party. 1984 was called the Year of the Woman for womens activity in working in and running in campaigns. (1992 was later also called Year of the Woman for the number of women who won Senate and House seats.) Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kansas) won reelection to the Senate. Three women, two Republicans and one Democrat, won their elections to become first-term Representatives in the House.  Many women challenged incumbents, though few won.   A House Ethics committee in 1984 decided that Ferraro should have reported details of her husbands finances as part of her financial disclosures as a member of Congress. They took no action to sanction her, finding that she had omitted the information unintentionally. She remained a spokesperson for feminist causes, though largely as an independent voice.  When many Senators defended Clarence Thomas and attacked the character of his accuser, Anita Hill, she said that men still dont get it. She refused an offer to run for the Senate against Republican incumbent Alfonse M. DAmato in the 1986 race. In 1992, in the next election to seek to unseat DAmato, there was talk of Ferraro running, and also stories about Elizabeth Holtzman  (Brooklyn District Attorney) showing ads that implied a connection of Ferraros husband to organized crime figures. In 1993, President Clinton appointed Ferraro as an ambassador, appointed to be a representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission. In 1998 Ferraro decided to pursue a race against the same incumbent.  The likely Democratic primary field included Rep. Charles Schumer (Brooklyn), Elizabeth Holtzman  and Mark Green, New York City Public Advocate.  Ferraro had the support of Gov. Cuomo.  She dropped out of the race over an investigation into whether her husband had made illegal large contributions to her 1978 Congressional campaign. Schumer won the primary and the election. Supporting Hillary Clinton in 2008 The same year, 2008, that the next woman was nominated for vice president by a major party, Hillary Clinton had nearly won the Democratic nomination for the top of the ticket, the presidency. Ferraro supported the campaign strongly, and said quite publicly was marked by sexism. Political Career In 1978, Ferraro ran for Congress, advertising herself as a tough Democrat. She was re-elected in 1980 and again in 1982. The district was known for being somewhat conservative, ethnic, and blue-collar. In 1984, Geraldine Ferraro served as chair of the Democratic Party Platform Committee, and the presidential nominee, Walter Mondale, selected her as his running mate after an extensive vetting process, and after a good deal of public pressure to pick a woman. The Republican campaign focused on her husbands finances and his business ethics and she faced charges of her familys ties to organized crime. The Catholic church openly criticized her for her pro-choice position on reproductive rights.  Gloria Steinem  later commented, What has the womens movement learned from her candidacy for vice president? Never get married. The Mondale-Ferraro ticket lost to the very popular Republican ticket, headed by Ronald Reagan, winning only one state and the District of Columbia for 13 electoral votes. Books by Geraldine Ferraro: Changing History: Women, Power and Politics (1993; reprint 1998)My Story (1996; Reprint 2004)Framing a Life: A Family Memoir (1998) Selected Geraldine Ferraro Quotations †¢ Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for vice president in the new land my father came to love. †¢ We fought hard. We gave it our best. We did what was right and we made a difference. †¢ Weve chosen the path to equality; dont let them turn us around. †¢ Unlike the American revolution, which began with the shot heard round the world, the rebellion of Seneca Falls -- steeped in moral conviction and rooted in the abolitionist movement -- dropped like a stone in the middle of a placid lake, causing ripples of change.  No governments were overthrown, no lives were lost in bloody battles, no single enemy was identified and vanquished. The disputed territory was the human heart and the contest played itself out in every American institution: our homes, our churches, our schools, and ultimately in the provinces of power.  -- from the forward to A History of the American Suffragist Movement †¢ Id call it a new version of voodoo economics, but Im afraid that would give witch doctors a bad name. †¢ It was not so very long ago that people thought that semiconductors were part-time orchestra leaders and microchips were very, very small snack foods. †¢ Vice president - it has such a nice ring to it! †¢ Modern life is confusing - no Ms. take about it. †¢Ã‚  Barbara Bush, about vice-presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro: I cant say it, but it rhymes with rich.  (Barbara Bush later apologized for calling Ferraro a witch -- October 15, 1984, New York Times)

The Tragedy Of Antigone By William Shakespeare - 2023 Words

The story of Antigone begins with Polyneices and Eteocles, two brothers with two distinct ideologies which resulted in a civil war, both in opposite sides. They both wanted to take over the throne of Thebes and they would not back down and as a consequence, it led to both of their self-destructions, as they killed each other in a skirmish for power. Soon after Creon, the new monarch of Thebes declared that Eteocles will be honored because he fought against the opposition led by his brother Polyneices. Creon first decree after taking the throne would be leaving Polyneices body on the battlefield, left unburied to become the food of wild creatures. Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the deceased brothers, as well as the last children of Oedipus. Antigone will not stand by the new rules of Creon, and she is not willing to allow her brother to be dishonored, no matter the consequences her beliefs might bring upon herself. Antigone is flawed in various different ways and her excessiv e pride and self-confidence are two major characteristics rooted in her. Creon can be viewed as a tragic hero because his excessive pride prevents him from listening to any advice and other ideas which cause his own downfall. At the beginning of the story, Antigone expresses her idea, to violate Creon’s rules in which prohibited people to mourn and burying his corpse which was left on the battlefield to rot and be eaten by wild animals. Ismene, Antigone’s sister did not approve of her plan andShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Antigone By William Shakespeare1001 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, there is often a gray area that goes unexplored. Antigone manages to venture into this gray area through a complicated conflict of values. Kreon, the ruler of Thebes, has declared the leader of a rebellion against the state must not be buried. This conflicts with the leaders’ sister, Antigone, as she feels compelled to bury him. This conflict of values was expressed by German p hilosopher Hegel when he said â€Å"At the center of Antigone we find not a tragic hero but a tragic collision. HoweverRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of Antigone By William Shakespeare977 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play, Antigone, one of the main characters made some life-changing decisions that would end up leading to sacrificing her own life. This main character being Antigone. In this tragic play, it evidently seems as if she is portrayed as someone who is different from everyone else. Unlike the rest of the characters, she is an independent woman and is beautiful in her own unique way, however, she has made some costly mistakes, which is always found to be startling; although she utilizes herselfRead MoreTragedy in The Merchant of Venice1472 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, a tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering; furthermore, it is a dramatic composition, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a fl aw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction. Tragedy elements are that in which a protagonist agonizes disconnection from society and also, he or she makes an error or shows awful decision making. There are typically deathsRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Sophocles Antigone and Shakespeares Othello964 Words   |  4 PagesThe tragedies of Antigone and Othello were written with great depth and are structured in such a way that both characters are victims, in spite of their crimes. Antigone and Othello are tragedy plays created by using many techniques to create the feelings of fear and pity. There are differences and similarities in characters, action, and themes between Antigone and Othello. First, the major characters in both of the plays are suffering through great pain and end up with death. The drama AntigoneRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Antigone 1022 Words   |  5 Pages03/03/16 Macbeth and Antigone Essay A tragedy is a story which is centered on a character who does something terrible, and as they realize what they have done, the world around them crumbles. 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Deman and Supply of Product and Factors

Question: Describe about the Demand And Supply Of A Product And Factors That Affect The Demand And Supply Sides Of The Market. Answer: Introduction Demand and supply are factors that determine pricing for a commodity in a free market. While the pricing for goods tend to be determined by the demand and supply, the cross elasticity tends to have a significant bearing on the final pricing of the commodity (Mth, 1961). Interestingly, companies like Uber also use the demand-supply analysis for price determination of their service, often creating a sudden surge in pricing as demand moves up. The analysis of demand and supply is useful for both individuals as well as small businesses as it helps them in everyday decision making by accessing market situations in a better manner. The product that is being considered is airfares. This commodity is a classic example of the demand-supply model of price determination in a competitive market and exhibits a clear cross elasticity of demand due to the various options available for travellers, making it an apt example for consideration. Demand Supply Model Of Price Determination The four scenarios to be considered in this model are An increase in demand and no change in supply results in a higher price and quantity for the commodity or service. A decrease in demand and no change in supply- results in a lower price and quantity for the commodity or service. An increase in supply and no change in demand - results in a lower price and higher quantity for the commodity or service. A decrease in supply and no change in demand- results in a higher price and lower quantity for the commodity or service. Assuming that the consumer uses accurate information and makes rational decisions, it can be seen that the pricing for the commodity would vary depending on the demand and supply conditions prevalent in the market. The fair market scenario tends to move towards an equilibrium, wherein the equilibrium price is determined by the balance between the supply and demand. Unfortunately, the real word situation tends to be different with a significant change in free availability of accurate information (Grossman Stiglitz, 1980). The Cross Elasticity Of Demand And Its Impact On Pricing This pricing model is seen in commodities that can be easily substituted by competing products. Price discrimination is directly proportional to competition in this industry (Stavins, 2001). In such a scenario, when the price for a chosen product increases, consumers look at similar products that are available at a lower price, to satisfy their needs. Thus, the demand for a lower priced commodity would increase and a higher priced commodity would decree if they are substitutable. Sellers try and insulate themselves this situation by creating goods and services that cannot be easily substituted. For instance, airfare for budget airlines and premium airlines cannot be substituted. However, if there is a significant price variation between airfares in the budget class then cross elasticity would apply. Airfares And Pricing Based On Demand-Supply And Cross Elasticity By applying these theories to air fares, it can be seen that the higher disposable income as well as the comfort and convenience offered by flights have increased the demand for flight tickets. This is however regulated by the availability of alternative flights, thus ensuring a balanced pricing for air fare. This reflects the cross elasticity of demand, wherein a commodity is substituted by an alternative commodity available at a lower price. It is further observed that any spike in airfare tends to result in a drop in the demand for the same as travellers look at alternative modes of travel like road or rail. In the real world, the airfares tend to be high on weekends and lower on weekdays from Tuesday to Thursday. The exception to this rule is seen on extended weekends, wherein airfares tend to spike due to the sudden influx of persons looking forward to a mini-vacation. This reflects the classic case of pricing (of air tickets) being determined by the forces of demand and supply (Wei Grubesic, 2016). However, governments do insist on a cap in pricing or ceiling price to ensure that consumers are not fleeced by airlines and the supply to genuine consumers continues within a certain price band (Posner, 1974). It is further seen that airlines tend to offer exorbitant price discounts during lean seasons or in conjunction with special days (Lohatepanont Barnhart, 2002). While the latter is a publicity gimmick; the former is an attempt to influence buyer behaviour by lowering prices. As the seller changes prices to lower levels, the commodity starts to look more attractive and often influences buyers to shift the purchase from competitors (Cattaneo, et al., 2016). It is important to remember that the nature of the demand curve is influenced by the industry in which the firm operates (Rosen, 1974). For instance, commodities that cater to a particular niche tend to be more rigid and do not exhibit any significant elasticity due to pricing. In case of airfares, the business class pricing tends to remain virtually unchanged over the shorter time frame as persons travelling for business continue to do so regardless of minor fluctuations in pricing. Conclusion Considered the backbone of any economy; the correlation between price, demand and supply help in the efficient allocations of resources to ensure maximum profits for organizations. In the real market, price equilibrium is mere theory as prices are constantly affected by fluctuations in supply and demand (Knittel Pindyck, 2016). While, the consumer is able to regulate prices by influencing the demand, the seller controls the supply. In a free market, the seller tries to reduce supply to maintain prices at desired levels, the consumer works at reducing demand for the commodity to drive prices downwards. References Cattaneo, M., Malighetti, P., Morlotti, C. Redondi, R., 2016. Quantity price discrimination in the air transport industry: The easyJet case. Journal of Air Transport Management, 54(1), pp. 1-8. Grossman, S. J. Stiglitz, J. E., 1980. On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets. The American Economic Review, 70(3), pp. 393-408. Knittel, C. R. Pindyck, R. S., 2016. The Simple Economics of Commodity Price Speculation. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 8(2), pp. 85-110. Lohatepanont, M. Barnhart, C., 2002. Airline Schedule Planning: Integrated Models and Algorithms for Schedule Design and Fleet Assignment. Transportation Science, 38(1), pp. 19-32. Mth, J. F., 1961. Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements. Econometrica , 29(3), pp. 315-335. Posner, R. A., 1974. Theories of Economic Regulation. Bell Journal of Economics, 5(2), pp. 335-358. Rosen, S., 1974. Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition. Journal of Political Economy , 82(1), pp. 34-55. Stavins, J., 2001. Price Discrimination in the Airline Market: The Effect of Market Concentration. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(1), pp. 200-202. Wei, F. Grubesic, T. H., 2016. The pain persists: Exploring the spatiotemporal trends in air fares and itinerary pricing in the United States, 20022013. Journal of Air Transport Management, 57(1), pp. 107-121.